Contents:
1. The Importance of Cover Glass Cleaning
1.1 Impact of Cleanliness on Cover Glass Performance
1.2 The Role of Cleaning in Cover Glass Manufacturing
2. Overview of Ultrasonic Cleaning Technology
2.1 Principles of Ultrasonic Cleaning
2.2 Ultrasonic Cleaning Equipment
2.3 Advantages and Limitations of Ultrasonic Cleaning
2.3.1 Cleaning Efficiency and Performance
2.3.2 Limitations and Challenges of Ultrasonic Cleaning
2.4 Applications of Ultrasonic Cleaning in Cover Glass Manufacturing
3. Overview of Flat Panel Cleaning Technology
3.1 Principles of Flat Panel Cleaning
3.2 Flat Panel Cleaning Equipment
3.3 Advantages and Limitations of Flat Panel Cleaning
3.3.1 Cleaning Efficiency and Performance
3.3.2 Limitations and Challenges of Flat Panel Cleaning
3.4 Applications of Flat Panel Cleaning in Cover Glass Manufacturing
4. Cleaning Processes and Operational Guidelines
4.1 Standard Operating Procedure for Ultrasonic Cleaning
4.2 Standard Operating Procedure for Flat Panel Cleaning
4.3 Post-Cleaning Treatment and Quality Control
5. Evaluation and Optimization of Cleaning Performance
In recent years, during the evaluation and mass production ramp-up of cover glass projects, an increasing number of manufacturers have come to realize a critical fact:
the primary bottleneck affecting product yield often does not originate from tempering, coating, or lamination processes, but is instead rooted much earlier—within the seemingly basic cleaning stage.
As end products continue to evolve toward ultra-thin designs, larger dimensions, complex geometries, and multi-functional coatings, the requirements for cover glass surface cleanliness have risen dramatically. Contaminants that were once considered acceptable under previous standards are now sufficient to cause coating failures, lamination rework, or even unexpected glass breakage during tempering processes. As a result, cleaning has gradually transformed from a traditional auxiliary process into a decisive engineering module that directly impacts project feasibility and mass production stability.
Across industries such as consumer electronics, smart home appliances, industrial control systems, medical devices, automotive displays, and lighting systems, cover glass has evolved far beyond a simple protective or decorative component. It has become a critical functional element that integrates structural strength, optical performance, functional coatings, brand identity, and human–machine interaction. Particularly in intelligent terminals and high-end industrial equipment, cover glass often defines the user’s first visual impression, operational reliability, and long-term durability of the product.
With the continuous growth in demand for ultra-thin structures, large-size panels, irregular shapes, high light transmittance, and advanced functional coatings, the processing chain for cover glass has become increasingly extended and complex. The interdependency between individual processes has also intensified. Within this context, the importance of the cleaning process is significantly amplified. It is no longer merely a transition step between upstream machining and downstream functional treatments, but a fundamental prerequisite that determines the yield of subsequent processes such as tempering, silk-screen printing, AG/AR/AF/AS coatings, and lamination.
In actual production scenarios, issues related to cleaning rarely manifest immediately. Instead, they tend to appear in the form of yield fluctuations, latent defects, or long-term reliability risks. This makes cleaning technology one of the most critical yet frequently underestimated modules during early-stage project evaluation and mass production ramp-up.
From an engineering and manufacturing perspective, this article provides a systematic analysis of cover glass cleaning technologies, focusing on two mainstream solutions—ultrasonic cleaning and flat panel cleaning. Their working principles, equipment configurations, process flows, application boundaries, and future development trends are examined in depth, offering practical technical insights and decision-making references for industry professionals.
The core value of the cleaning process does not lie simply in making the glass clean, but in establishing a controllable, repeatable, and verifiable starting condition for all subsequent high-precision processes.
The surface condition of cover glass directly determines its optical performance, coating adhesion, and long-term reliability. Even particles, oils, or organic residues measuring only a few microns can be amplified during downstream processes, ultimately manifesting as visible defects or functional failures. For example:
In display cover glass applications, particulate contamination can cause localized light scattering, leading to luminance non-uniformity, increased haze, or visible bright spots.
In AF or AR coating processes, insufficient surface cleanliness significantly reduces coating adhesion, making it difficult to consistently achieve stable anti-fingerprint and abrasion-resistant performance.
For cover glass requiring physical or chemical strengthening, residual surface contaminants may act as potential stress concentration points. During the strengthening process, these microscopic defects can trigger unpredictable breakage, thereby reducing overall yield.
From an engineering standpoint, cleanliness is no longer a simple cosmetic or visual parameter. Instead, it is a critical factor closely tied to material performance release and overall process stability.
Within a complete cover glass manufacturing workflow, cleaning is not an isolated, single-step operation. Instead, it serves as a foundational process that spans multiple critical stages. On one hand, a stable and effective cleaning process minimizes uncertainties introduced by upstream operations, providing a consistent and controllable surface condition for subsequent processing. On the other hand, cleaning capability itself largely determines whether a manufacturer possesses the technical foundation required to undertake high-end projects.
During the cutting process, high-speed diamond wheels generate fine glass debris, while cutting fluids—typically water-based or oil-based—remain on the glass surface. If these contaminants are not promptly removed, they can be pressed into the glass surface during subsequent edge grinding. This leads to irreversible scratches, increased surface roughness after edging, and ultimately compromises ink adhesion during silk-screen printing, resulting in defects such as ink breaks or bleeding.
Post-edging cleaning is equally critical. During the edge grinding process, grinding slurry—usually a mixture of aluminum oxide micro-powder and water—forms a viscous residue on the glass surface. If not thoroughly removed, this residue prevents proper bonding between the ink and the glass during silk-screen printing, causing rough or feathered print edges and increasing the risk of ink layer delamination during later use.
Coating processes impose even more stringent requirements on surface cleanliness, reaching the sub-micron level. Even a single organic residue as small as 0.3 microns—such as oils from fingerprints—can lead to pinholes or bubbles within the coating layer. These defects tend to expand rapidly during salt spray or abrasion testing, ultimately causing the coating to lose its anti-fingerprint functionality.
Beyond product quality assurance, cleaning processes have a direct impact on production efficiency and overall manufacturing costs. Insufficient cleaning often results in extensive rework during downstream processes. From a holistic production perspective, effective cleaning preserves the achievements of upstream operations—such as the flat edges obtained after cutting and the smooth surfaces achieved through edge grinding—while providing a consistent, controllable foundation for silk-screen printing, coating, and strengthening processes. Ultimately, this consistency translates into tangible product competitiveness.
From intermediate cleaning after cutting and edging, to precision cleaning prior to printing and coating, and finally to surface treatment before shipment, cleaning consistently plays a critical role throughout the manufacturing chain. As such, cleaning technology is also widely regarded as a key indicator when evaluating a supplier’s manufacturing maturity and overall quality control capability.
Ultrasonic cleaning is a highly efficient decontamination method that relies on the cavitation effect generated by the propagation of high-frequency sound waves through a liquid medium. When ultrasonic waves are introduced into a cleaning solution, alternating cycles of high-pressure and low-pressure zones are formed within the liquid. During the low-pressure phase, a large number of microscopic bubbles are rapidly generated. In the subsequent high-pressure phase, these bubbles collapse instantaneously, releasing intense localized impact forces and micro-jets.
This momentary energy release effectively disrupts the adhesion between contaminants and the glass surface, dislodging oils, particulates, and polishing residues. Because cavitation effects can penetrate microscopic pores, narrow gaps, and edge regions that are invisible to the naked eye, ultrasonic cleaning offers irreplaceable advantages in precision glass processing applications.
A typical ultrasonic cleaning system consists of an ultrasonic generator, transducer assemblies, cleaning tanks, a temperature control system, and filtration and circulation units. The generator converts standard electrical power into high-frequency electrical signals, while the transducers transform these signals into mechanical vibrations that are transmitted into the cleaning liquid, thereby establishing a stable ultrasonic field.
In cover glass manufacturing applications, ultrasonic cleaning equipment is commonly configured in a multi-tank, inline arrangement, with each tank dedicated to rough cleaning, precision cleaning, and multi-stage rinsing. Some high-end production lines are further equipped with multi-frequency ultrasonic modules to balance cleaning efficiency and surface safety at different process stages. In addition, water quality management and filtration systems are particularly critical in such equipment, as their stability directly affects the long-term consistency of cleaning performance.
When process parameters are properly controlled, ultrasonic cleaning is highly effective at removing fine particulates, organic residues, and polishing slurry components. It delivers excellent cleaning uniformity and high repeatability. For cover glass projects that require high-adhesion coatings or precision lamination, ultrasonic cleaning is often an indispensable pre-treatment process. Its non-contact operating mechanism also provides clear advantages when handling complex geometries, through-holes, and fine chamfered areas—capabilities that are particularly critical for irregular-shaped cover glass and high-end industrial glass applications.
From an efficiency perspective, ultrasonic cleaning significantly outperforms traditional soaking or brush-based cleaning methods. Taking the removal of polishing slurry residues from smartphone cover glass as an example: conventional soaking methods typically require more than 30 minutes of immersion in alkaline cleaning solutions, while achieving a removal rate of less than 70% for particles smaller than 0.5 μm. In contrast, a combined process using 28 kHz ultrasonic frequency, a cleaning temperature of 50 °C, and a power density of 1.2 W/cm² can increase the removal rate of polishing slurry particles—primarily composed of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃—to over 98% within just 12 minutes. Moreover, the batch processing capacity can reach two to three times that of traditional methods. Such efficiency gains are critical for capacity release and throughput optimization in mass production lines.
In terms of cleaning effectiveness, precision is another core advantage of ultrasonic technology. For micro-chamfers and curved edge regions of irregular-shaped cover glass, conventional brush cleaning may introduce edge scratches due to mechanical contact. Ultrasonic cavitation, however, can penetrate dead zones with curvature radii smaller than 0.1 mm, effectively removing residual photoresist or oily contaminants. Similarly, for camera cover glass featuring micro-hole structures, ultrasonic cleaning can efficiently eliminate polishing slurry residues trapped inside these micro-features.
As a pre-treatment step for high-adhesion coating processes, ultrasonic cleaning also indirectly enhances coating performance through surface activation. For example, prior to the deposition of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) conductive coatings, ultrasonic cleaning can reduce organic residues—such as mold release agents and fingerprint oils—to below detection limits. At the same time, the cavitation effect induces mild surface etching on the glass, increasing the effective contact area and improving coating adhesion.
In summary, the superior efficiency and performance of ultrasonic cleaning fundamentally stem from its non-contact cavitation mechanism. This allows rapid removal of various contaminants while ensuring consistent cleanliness across complex structures, all without introducing mechanical damage risks. These characteristics make ultrasonic cleaning an indispensable process step in modern cover glass manufacturing.
Despite its significant advantages, ultrasonic cleaning also presents clear application boundaries. For ultra-thin glass or products that already contain micro-cracks, excessive ultrasonic power may induce latent damage that is not immediately visible but can later manifest as breakage during downstream processes. In addition, cavitation distribution is highly influenced by tank design and loading configuration. If these factors are not properly engineered, uneven cleaning performance or localized over-cleaning may occur.
As a result, ultrasonic cleaning parameters must be carefully customized in real-world projects based on glass thickness, glass type, and the requirements of subsequent processes, rather than being applied as a standardized, one-size-fits-all solution.
Engineering Selection Guidelines
Ultrasonic cleaning becomes an almost irreplaceable solution when cover glass products exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:
The presence of micro-holes, fine chamfers, or complex irregular geometries;
Downstream processes that are highly sensitive to coating adhesion and surface energy, such as AF, AR, or ITO coatings;
Projects in which yield levels are already approaching the process limit, where even latent contamination can be rapidly amplified.
Under such conditions, cleaning is no longer merely a cost factor within the manufacturing process. Instead, it becomes a threshold requirement that determines whether a project can successfully transition into stable mass production.
In cover glass manufacturing, ultrasonic cleaning technology is widely applied across multiple critical process stages due to its high efficiency and thorough contaminant removal capability. It is particularly effective in intermediate cleaning steps following mechanical processes such as cutting and edge grinding, where ultrasonic action efficiently removes surface-adhered dust, oils, and grinding residues, preventing these contaminants from compromising downstream process quality.
In addition, for precision components such as high-end display cover glass and optical window glass, ultrasonic precision cleaning is typically required prior to coating processes. This ensures that the substrate surface meets extremely high cleanliness standards, thereby safeguarding optical performance and coating adhesion after deposition.
For applications demanding high consistency and long-term reliability, ultrasonic cleaning is rarely implemented as a standalone operation. Instead, it is commonly integrated with a comprehensive water quality management system, including deionized water preparation, circulation filtration, and real-time water quality monitoring. This approach minimizes the risk of secondary contamination from the cleaning medium itself.
When combined with inline monitoring systems—such as particle counters, conductivity sensors, and turbidity detection devices—the cleaning process can be continuously monitored and controlled through closed-loop feedback. This significantly enhances process controllability and ensures consistent product quality throughout production.
Flat panel cleaning is a cleaning approach characterized by continuous operation and high automation. It typically relies on the coordinated action of spray washing, brush cleaning, air knives, and drying systems to systematically treat the glass surface. The fundamental principle is to remove surface contaminants from the glass substrate through controlled liquid flushing combined with moderate physical contact.
Compared with ultrasonic cleaning, flat panel cleaning places greater emphasis on takt time stability and production line compatibility. It is particularly well suited for medium- to large-size cover glass with regular geometries, where consistent throughput and integration with high-volume manufacturing lines are critical.
Flat panel cleaning equipment is generally designed with a modular architecture, consisting of pre-wash, main wash, precision wash, rinsing, and drying sections. The spray system allows adjustment of pressure and spray angles to address different types of contaminants, while brush rollers can be selected from materials such as PVA, nylon, or composite materials to achieve an optimal balance between cleaning effectiveness and surface safety.
In modern production lines, flat panel cleaning equipment is often directly integrated with upstream processes such as cutting, edge grinding, or silk-screen printing, enabling true inline cleaning and supporting high-efficiency continuous manufacturing.
Flat panel cleaning offers significant advantages in high-volume, standardized production environments. With clearly defined process takt times and relatively simple equipment maintenance, it effectively reduces per-unit cleaning costs. In applications such as industrial panels, lighting glass, and certain consumer electronics products, flat panel cleaning represents one of the most cost-effective cleaning solutions available.
The efficiency advantage of flat panel cleaning stems from its continuous and modular design philosophy. A typical flat panel cleaning line for medium- to large-size cover glass can achieve a throughput of 50–70 panels per minute, supporting 24-hour continuous operation with equipment utilization rates consistently above 96%. By comparison, ultrasonic cleaning requires batch loading and unloading. To achieve equivalent output capacity, ultrasonic systems generally require 25–35% more equipment, and the processing time per batch is significantly longer than the continuous takt of flat panel cleaning lines.
In terms of cleaning performance, the core competitiveness of flat panel cleaning lies in the high consistency of cleanliness and the targeted removal of specific contaminants. Through a closed-loop process comprising spray washing, brush cleaning, rinsing, and drying, the pre-wash section uses high-pressure spraying to rapidly remove surface dust. In the main wash section, PVA brush rollers working in combination with alkaline cleaning agents effectively strip cutting debris and edge grinding residues. The precision wash section employs deionized water spraying to thoroughly remove residual cleaning agents, preventing secondary contamination, while the drying section utilizes dual air knives to ensure a spotless surface free of water marks and residues.
This stable and repeatable cleaning performance allows flat panel–cleaned glass to achieve higher yields in subsequent cutting, edge grinding, or silk-screen printing processes. From a manufacturing systems perspective, flat panel cleaning should not be viewed as a “lower-tier” solution. Rather, it represents an engineering choice optimized for stability, takt control, and overall cost efficiency. Within appropriate product boundaries, its reliability and consistency often surpass more complex cleaning methods that are inherently more difficult to control.
Due to its reliance on a certain degree of physical contact, flat panel cleaning exhibits inherent limitations when applied to products with ultra-high cleanliness requirements or complex geometries. In fields such as microelectronics, precision optics, and biochips, product surfaces often contain micro-grooves, pores, or fragile functional coatings. Under such conditions, brush-based cleaning units may struggle to achieve comprehensive and uniform contaminant removal, and structural shielding can lead to localized residue retention.
Furthermore, improper control of parameters such as brush pressure, rotational speed, or brush material selection may introduce micro-scratches that are difficult to detect visually. In some cases, residual stresses may also be induced on the material surface, adversely affecting mechanical stability and long-term reliability. These issues are particularly critical in high-end optical components and semiconductor wafers, where even minor defects can significantly degrade yield and performance.
In addition, particles generated by brush wear or residual cleaning chemicals may pose risks of secondary contamination, further increasing the complexity of process control. As a result, when applied to high-precision manufacturing scenarios, flat panel cleaning continues to face challenges in terms of adaptability and process controllability.
At present, flat panel cleaning technology is widely used in the mass production of medium- to large-size display cover glass, industrial control panels, and lighting glass products. Owing to its efficient cleaning capability, stable operational performance, and strong process adaptability, flat panel cleaning has become one of the most common and well-established cleaning solutions in the cover glass manufacturing industry.
Flat panel cleaning effectively removes particulate contaminants, oils, and fingerprints from glass surfaces while minimizing the risk of scratches or damage during the cleaning process. This significantly improves product yield and optical performance. As a result, in a wide range of glass processing stages that demand high standards and strict cleanliness control, flat panel cleaning equipment has become an indispensable core process tool.
A standard ultrasonic cleaning process typically consists of several key stages, including pre-treatment, ultrasonic main cleaning, multi-stage rinsing, and drying.
The pre-treatment stage primarily employs physical methods such as brushing, soaking, or pre-rinsing to remove large particulate contaminants and loosely adhered debris from the workpiece surface. This step effectively reduces the cleaning load and chemical consumption during the main cleaning stage, thereby improving overall process efficiency.
During the main cleaning stage, ultrasonic cavitation is utilized to achieve deep-level cleaning. By precisely controlling ultrasonic frequency, power, and processing time, oils, fine particulates, and stubborn residues can be thoroughly removed from the glass surface.
The rinsing stage typically involves multiple rinsing steps using high-purity water to completely eliminate residual cleaning agents, particles, and ionic contaminants. This prevents secondary contamination and surface spotting, which are critical concerns for downstream high-precision processes.
The drying stage ensures that the workpiece surface is completely free of moisture. Common drying methods include natural air drying, hot air drying, centrifugal drying, and vacuum drying, selected based on product characteristics and cleanliness requirements. Proper drying is essential to maintaining cleaning quality and ensuring stable performance in subsequent processing steps.
The entire ultrasonic cleaning process must be optimized according to specific applications and workpiece requirements to ensure consistency, reliability, and operational safety.
Flat panel cleaning processes emphasize continuity and stability, which are critical to achieving high surface cleanliness requirements for glass products. The process typically begins with a pre-wash stage, where high-pressure spraying or immersion is used to effectively remove dust and large particulate contaminants generated during glass cutting.
This is followed by brush cleaning and precision washing stages, during which brush rollers made from different materials work in combination with cleaning agents to achieve synergistic physical and chemical contaminant removal. Oils, fingerprints, and fine particles are thoroughly eliminated during this stage.
Next, a multi-stage counterflow rinsing process is applied, with progressively higher-purity water used at each stage to ensure complete removal of ionic residues. The final step involves low-temperature, uniform drying using hot air or infrared drying systems, preventing water marks and secondary contamination.
Process parameters across all stages must be systematically matched to the glass size, thickness, and material characteristics. These parameters include conveyor speed, cleaning pressure, temperature, and processing time, all of which are essential to ensuring consistent cleaning performance and overall process reliability.
After cleaning, glass products must undergo comprehensive verification through strict visual inspection, cleanliness testing, and surface energy evaluation to ensure full compliance with the requirements of subsequent coating, silk-screen printing, or lamination processes.
Visual inspection should be conducted under standardized lighting conditions, focusing on surface defects such as scratches, cracks, unevenness, and bubbles. Cleanliness testing commonly includes contact angle measurement or tape testing to assess the presence of residual surface contaminants. Surface energy evaluation is typically performed by measuring water droplet contact angles or using dyne pens to determine whether the glass surface meets the wettability and adhesion standards required for downstream coating or bonding processes.
Only when all evaluation criteria conform to process specifications can the glass proceed to the next manufacturing step.
In high-end cover glass projects, cleaning effectiveness cannot be judged solely by visual inspection. Only through systematic and quantitative evaluation methods can cleaning processes be transformed from experience-based operations into reproducible, engineering-grade manufacturing capabilities. Common evaluation approaches include particle counting, contact angle testing, microscopic inspection, and coating adhesion validation. Together, these methods provide multi-dimensional insight into the effectiveness and robustness of the cleaning process.
Particle Counting
Particle counting serves as the core quantitative evaluation method, focusing primarily on particulate contamination on the glass surface. Laser particle counters or surface particle analyzers are typically used to perform non-contact scanning and quantify particles at key size thresholds such as 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, and 1.0 μm.
For example, industry standards for high-end smartphone cover glass generally require no more than five particles ≥0.5 μm per square centimeter. Exceeding this threshold may result in pinholes or spot defects during subsequent vacuum coating processes, directly degrading display quality. During testing, the glass surface must remain completely dry to avoid moisture interference, and scanning speeds should be controlled below 5 cm/s to ensure data accuracy and repeatability.
Contact Angle Testing
Contact angle testing evaluates surface energy and indirectly reflects the removal effectiveness of organic contaminants. The sessile drop method is most commonly employed: a micro-syringe deposits 5 μL ± 0.5 μL of deionized water (or ethylene glycol for assessing polar contamination) onto the glass surface. After a stabilization period of 10 seconds, images are captured using a contact angle measurement system, and the contact angle is calculated via image analysis software.
A qualified cleaning result typically requires a deionized water contact angle below 8°. If the contact angle exceeds 15°, residual organic contamination is likely present, which can cause ink spreading during silk-screen printing or adhesive delamination during lamination. Some manufacturers additionally perform rolling angle tests by tilting the glass surface until the droplet begins to move; a rolling angle below 10° is generally regarded as indicative of super-hydrophilic surfaces suitable for advanced processes.
Microscopic Inspection
Microscopic inspection provides visual validation of surface defects and contamination. Optical microscopes, with magnifications ranging from 50× to 1000×, are used to detect scratches, cracks, and visible particle residues. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM), capable of magnifications exceeding 100,000×, enable clear observation of inorganic particles or organic residues down to the 10 nm scale.
When combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), SEM analysis can identify the elemental composition of contaminants, assisting in tracing contamination sources and guiding targeted process improvements.
Coating Adhesion Verification
Coating adhesion testing represents the ultimate functional validation of cleaning effectiveness, as it directly reflects the stability of downstream processes. This test typically simulates actual production conditions by depositing a 100 nm-thick ITO (indium tin oxide) film or applying a printed ink layer onto the cleaned glass surface.
Adhesion is then evaluated using the cross-hatch method in accordance with ASTM D3359-09. Eleven parallel cuts with 1 mm spacing are made using a blade, forming a grid of 100 squares (1 mm × 1 mm each). A 3M 600 tape (adhesion strength: 10 N/100 mm) is firmly applied to the grid area and pressed three times to ensure full contact, then rapidly removed within one second. Industry standards generally consider the result acceptable if the delaminated area does not exceed 5%. If delamination exceeds 20%, residual surface contamination—such as silane residues—is likely preventing proper chemical bonding between the coating and substrate. In such cases, cleaning parameters must be adjusted, for example by increasing alkaline cleaner concentration or extending ultrasonic cleaning duration.
Auxiliary Evaluation Methods
Some manufacturers also employ the “white glove test” as a supplementary assessment. A clean lint-free cloth moistened with isopropyl alcohol is used to wipe the glass surface ten times. If no visible residue appears on the cloth—verified against a grayscale reference with a grayscale value above 95%—the surface is considered free of visually detectable contaminants.
These evaluation methods complement one another, collectively ensuring that cleaning performance meets downstream process requirements from quantitative, visual, and functional perspectives.
Continuous Optimization and Data-Driven Improvement
Through long-term data accumulation and systematic process feedback, continuous optimization of cleaning parameters, fine-tuning of equipment configurations, and full lifecycle management of consumables have become critical pathways for enhancing overall manufacturing efficiency and strengthening project competitiveness.
This optimization process relies on continuous production data tracking and analysis, combined with real-world line operation feedback to form closed-loop control mechanisms. Such data-driven approaches enable precise adjustment of equipment parameters and optimized consumable usage strategies, reducing operating costs while improving product quality consistency. Ultimately, they drive manufacturing systems toward higher efficiency, leaner operation, and greater intelligence.
Although cover glass cleaning technology is positioned at the front end of the manufacturing process, it plays an amplifying role in product performance release, yield control, and the realization of high-end applications. As cover glass continues to evolve toward thinner profiles, larger sizes, more complex structures, and multifunctional coatings, cleaning processes are gradually shifting from a “basic support step” to a critical engineering capability that defines manufacturing limits and overall project feasibility.
For manufacturers, the rational selection and continuous optimization of ultrasonic cleaning and flat panel cleaning solutions is not merely about improving the yield of a single process. More importantly, it forms the foundation for building stable mass production capability and reliably delivering high-end projects. Looking ahead, the engineering depth and process control capability of cleaning technologies will become one of the key indicators for evaluating the technical maturity and overall competitiveness of cover glass suppliers.
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